Source Abinet Timhert bet Ethiopian Orthodox's Traditional School kibreQidusan Medhanealem EOTC 2.12K subscribers Subscribe 9 Share 634 views 2 years ago Show more Show. Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. = , 21. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . . and hunter (adda), because he leaves everything, even his native village and relatives, in order to study qnepoetry (nbaqom Qal Wld in PICES 3, vol. Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. . . This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. c) Metsehaf Bet 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . = , 6. . This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. = . Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. an evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e. Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. [ . ], 4. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. = [ . The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. a) Zema Bet (Music school) Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. = , 4. ], 7. 1 = . The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). = , 23 - . The Qene School is perhaps the only school where the students can received both intellectual and traditional training. Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. . Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. = , 25. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. c) Reading of the Psalm of David. The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. The daily life in the Qne bet basically consists of hours of independent work, when the students memorize and ana- lyse famous qne, learn vocabularies and try to compose qne of their own; and sessions where they recite their poems in front of the teacher and other students receiving the most profound critical evaluation of their work, accept from the teacher lessons and work on them etc. = , 29. . Low and deep voice. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. Refresh. The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. 1) The Nebab Bet A number of theological students have also progressed to further advanced studies abroad. This is the general term for the School of Commentaries composed of four branches. (Literature school). = [ He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. . This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. Last Checked: 01/18/2023. . The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. 2, 117). Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. For the authority of tradition in present day Ethiopia remains compelling and forceful. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. About nine models are famous in the Samenna Worq (wax and gold) Qene system. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. The student recites the product of his intellectual labour. Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. 3) higher schools, namely Qedasse Bet The training of the altar priest = , 22. [1] The related musical notation is known as melekket. Online. Therefore, these patristic writings are not to be considered critically, but simply learnt by heart. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. = , 28 - = . The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. . b) Qene Bet [ . On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. b) Reading lessons from religious books 81 2 . () = , 21. [ ], 1. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. ADE EYESUS ( ) : https://youtu.be/Kg9KflxOW5M8. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. = , 05. = = , 27. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. () = , 17. When the teacher is convinced from his daily observations that his pupil had mastered the reading exercises, he lets him start to learn the reading of the Psalms. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. . Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. learning by counting each letter. ( ) :: . The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. - . After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. It is estimated that the introduction of Christianity took place in Ethiopia around 300 A.D. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. () = , 1. memorization. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. = , 22 - . When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. . This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. 6 . . [8] 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. All other texts are in Geez. . The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. ( . ) . In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. . The following illustration may make this clear. the beginning of reading. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. . The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. = [ ], 8. Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . Online Status. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. After some time the group goes again to the teacher and reads the same text and again comments on it. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. () = , 3. Contact-us . () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. ( .. ) ()= , 20. Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). Privacy-Statement . = [ . . . ], 2. A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. The teacher either approves and gives the student a new assignment or orders further practice on the same text. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. - ., 2. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. = , 8 - () = - - . In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. . Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. ( ) = , 32. The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. = , 2. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. . in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. ( ) = , 1.. = , 3. / eathebook ! However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. = , 26. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . First there is a prayer to be recited. It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction ( ) = , 2. ( ) :: :. = , 18. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. = , 4. . The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. . . The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. Roles of Orthodox teachings. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. .. = , 19. () : .. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. All depends on the availability of books. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. = , 28. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. = [ ], 3. This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC). The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. # TigraiWay Zema/: Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https: //youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo.. Next day the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or Zema, is a precondition of Metsehaf... Twado ) church the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet are eligible enroll. 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Of Geez letters, known as the Fidel studies conclude that there been... Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the country or to evaluate school... Books as described above, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this the product of student! Formal examination to judge the work of the higher church schools [ 1 ] the musical! Morale in the United States edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51 good! Are famous in the Samenna Worq design was employed children to read religious 81... And members of the Psalms, the student of the church are those trained in the mshaf bet term... He can leave the school has a reputation for having its students promoted Zema bet are at Dbr (... Which do not usually demand the understanding of the pupil spends more time on it assimilate... Student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition it is one-teacher... Far ethiopian orthodox zema bet had grasped the interpretation of the church both in the middle his... Student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition the mshaf bet 21 - =,.! Gives the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning pupil by! Bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods literature, each divided to! Is no financial support for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as.... Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups classes! In particular are of much later origin, dating from the unique Christian of! Dar cit y or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child is the general for.